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东部大猩猩的幽灵混合物
Harvinder Pawar1, Aigerim Rymbekova2,3, Sebastian Cuadros-Espinoza1
1Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.
Nature ecology & evolution
|July 27, 2023
概括
东部大猩猩携带来自古老血统的古老DNA,这表明大猿的过去混合事件. 这种遗传遗产可以追溯到数百万年前,可能会影响诸如苦味感知等特征.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 灵长类动物遗传学
背景情况:
- 古老的混合物,包括尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人侵入现代人类,是人类进化的已知因素.
- 虽然在黑猩猩和黑猩猩中观察到过古老的混合物,但它在大猩猩中的存在仍然未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 通过高覆盖全基因组测序,研究四种现存大猩猩亚种中的古老混合物.
- 为了建模大猩猩的人口历史,并确定已灭绝的原始人血统的内进的签名.
主要方法:
- 利用近似贝叶斯计算与神经网络来分析人口历史.
- 测序了所有四种大猩猩亚种的整个基因组,包括新采样的东部大猩猩.
- 在大猩猩,人类和红猩猩之间比较了侵入模式.
主要成果:
- 检测到来自古老的"幽灵"血统的混合的签名,仅在东部大猩猩的共同祖先中,而不是西部大猩猩.
- 据推断,高达3%的东部大猩猩基因组是来自300万年前分离的血统.
- 鉴定出这种侵入发生在山地大猩猩和东部低地大猩猩分裂之前,可能会影响苦味感知.
结论:
- 古老的混合物并不仅限于人类,而且发生在大猩猩身上,特别是东部大猩猩.
- 在X染色体上,大猩猩,人类和类动物中,内进的碎片持续地耗尽.
- 蛋白质编码内容在东部大猩猩中没有可检测的枯竭,可能是由于更强的遗传漂移.
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