植物基因组复序和种群基因组学:目前的状况和未来的前景
Bo Song1, Weidong Ning2, Di Wei3
1Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
Molecular plant
|July 28, 2023
概括
基于人群的基因组测序正在通过识别有益的等位基因来推进植物遗传学和作物育种. 然而,数据的可访问性仍然是一个挑战,需要为未来的植物基因组学发现进行更大的合作.
科学领域:
- 植物基因组学 植物基因组学
- 种植作物的繁殖.
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 在DNA测序方面的进步彻底改变了植物遗传学.
- 焦点正在转向功能基因组学和通过有益的等位基因来改善作物.
- 为了实现这些进步,越来越多地采用全基因组再测序.
研究的目的:
- 审查基于人口的基因组再测序研究的进展.
- 分析这些研究对作物育种的影响.
- 确定植物基因组学研究中的差距和机会.
主要方法:
- 总结目前基于人群的基因组复序的进展情况.
- 分析了来自163个国家的187个陆地植物物种 (54,413个加入) 的数据.
- 审查367个调查的特征和86个全基因组关联研究.
主要成果:
- 经济上重要的作物如谷物,蔬菜和豆类被大量研究.
- 对于某些植物序列 (例如,Lycopodiales,Liliales) 的重新排序工作存在重大差距.
- 在化过程中选择并与农学特征相关的鉴定基因.
结论:
- 人口基因组学数据共享对于推进跨物种比较基因组学和作物改进至关重要.
- 建议采用基于贡献的信贷的协作方法.
- 减少测序成本和技术进步将推动更多的植物基因组再测序研究,有望对植物特征遗传学和育种有更深入的见解.
相关概念视频
02:02Genomics
36.5K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
36.5K
03:00Next-generation Sequencing
91.6K
The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
91.6K
01:29Modern Molecular Taxonomy
52
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
52
03:36Genome Annotation and Assembly
18.9K
The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
18.9K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.8K
01:57Sanger Sequencing
754.8K
DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
754.8K