最近关于N-乙神经胺酸的进展:生理学作用,应用和生物合成
Mingli Zhao1, Yingying Zhu1, Hao Wang2
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
Synthetic and systems biotechnology
|July 28, 2023
概括
N-乙神经胺酸 (Neu5Ac) 对于细胞功能至关重要,具有广泛的工业用途. 本综述详细介绍了其作用,应用和生物合成方法,解决了大规模生产的挑战.
科学领域:
- 生物化学和生物技术
- 微生物合成 微生物合成
- 工业化学 工业化学 工业化学
背景情况:
- N-乙神经胺酸 (Neu5Ac) 是一种关键的酸,对于细胞表面的甘氨酸和许多生理功能至关重要.
- 它在食品,化品和药品中的重要应用需要高效的大规模生产方法.
- 生物合成为Neu5Ac合成提供了一种环保且有效的方法.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查Neu5Ac的生理作用,安全性,监管地位和应用.
- 分析当前的酶催化,全细胞生物催化和微生物新生合成方法,用于Neu5Ac.
- 确定Neu5Ac de novo生物合成的挑战,并提出工业规模生产的战略.
主要方法:
- 关于Neu5Ac生理作用,安全性和应用的文献评论.
- 对酶催化,全细胞生物催化和微生物新生合成技术的全面分析.
- 讨论优化Neu5Ac生物合成的挑战和战略解决方案.
主要成果:
- Neu5Ac具有不同的生理作用,具有重要的工业价值.
- 现有各种生物合成策略,包括酶催化和微生物新生合成.
- 新生生物合成的关键挑战包括酶工程,输送物识别和代谢平衡.
结论:
- 新5Ac生物合成是工业生产的一个有前途的途径.
- 克服酶优化,运输和代谢调节方面的挑战对于扩大规模至关重要.
- 战略方法可以促进高效和大规模的Neu5Ac制造.
相关概念视频
01:28Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids
80
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
80
01:27Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission
3.9K
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
3.9K
01:26Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides
40
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
40
01:28Peptidoglycan Synthesis
66
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
66
01:23Glycosaminoglycans
4.9K
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
4.9K
01:24Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions
271
Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
271