通过协调促进生物化电力改造以实现可持续的聚合物生产
Ran Wang1, Chong Li2, Jianxiang Wu1
1Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 28, 2023
概括
生物质产生的cis,cis-酸为聚合物提供了可持续的途径. 通过使用离子和CuO泡电极进行电力改造,可以获得这种关键化学物质和的高产量.
科学领域:
- 电化学
- 绿色化学
- 聚合物科学
背景情况:
- 可持续的聚合物生产对于一个碳中和的未来至关重要.
- 生物质产生的cis,cis-酸是酸和甲酸的关键平台分子,是必不可少的聚合物单体.
- 目前的粘液酸生产方法往往涉及恶劣的条件或缺乏可持续性.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种可持续和高效的电改工艺,将生物可再生的甲基醇转化为cis,cis-酸.
- 研究离子协调在提高电氧化反应的产量和选择性的作用.
- 展示一个实用的双电极系统,同时生产cis,cis-酸和.
主要方法:
- 在环境条件下使用CuO泡电极氧化catechol.
- 现场光谱学,稳态电化学动力学和理论计算以阐明反应机制.
- 使用Zn2+协调来控制甲基醇电氧化途径.
主要成果:
- 在没有外部氧化剂的情况下,实现了高90%的cis,cis-muconate产量和87%的Faraday效率.
- 证明Zn2+协调有效抑制聚合并促进环分裂,增强酸盐的选择性.
- 一个实用的两电极系统成功地产生了可分离的cis,cis-酸和.
结论:
- 拟议的电改工艺提供了一种可持续和高效的方法,用于从生物质中提取的catechol中生产cis,cis-muconic acid.
- 在指导电氧化通路向所需的粘液酸产物方面,Zn2+协调起着至关重要的作用.
- 这种方法通过利用替代生物质资源和电气化工艺,为可持续的聚合物生产提供了可行的解决方案.
相关概念视频
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
2.4K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.4K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
2.0K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview
2.2K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.2K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
3.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K


