大量营养素对老年人和年轻人的和食物摄入的影响:一项随机对照试验
Dilara Dericioglu1, Stephanie Oldham1, Lisa Methven2
1Hugh Sinclair Human of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK.
Appetite
|July 28, 2023
概括
蛋白质,脂肪和碳水化合物预装不会影响老年人的能量摄入量或食欲. 然而,胃排空率在年龄组和宏观营养素类型之间存在差异.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 人类营养人类营养
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 老年人需要足够的蛋白质来维持肌肉,但高蛋白质摄入量可能会减少由于腹而导致的整体能量消耗.
- 对宏观营养素的和反应在年轻人中得到了很好的研究,但对老年人知之甚少.
- 了解宏观营养素对老年人食欲和能量摄入的影响对于营养建议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较能量和体积匹配的高蛋白,脂肪或碳水化合物预负载对年轻和老年人的能量摄入,食欲和胃空化的影响.
- 为了研究与年龄相关的和和胃空化的反应对不同宏观营养素的差异.
主要方法:
- 一个单盲,随机交叉试验,涉及20名年轻人和20名老年人.
- 参与者吃了一顿标准的早餐,然后再吃一顿预充 (碳水化合物,脂肪或蛋白质).
- 测量了能量摄入量,感知到的食欲 (视觉模拟秤) 和胃排空 (13C-酸呼吸试验).
主要成果:
- 根据预加载类型或年龄,没有观察到随意食或整个测试日的能量摄入量有显著差异.
- 主观食欲评级没有受到预加载的宏观营养素组成或年龄的显著影响.
- 宏观营养素预加载类型显著影响了胃排空阶段 (延迟,上升),老年人表现出更快的胃排空 (延迟,滞后阶段).
结论:
- 能量匹配预装的宏观营养素含量不会影响后续的能量摄入量或年轻人或老年人的感知食欲.
- 胃排空动力学与宏营养素预加载成分有显著差异,与年轻人相比,在老年人中加速.
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