商业航班中的过敏反应有多常见? 一个系统的审查和元分析
Paul J Turner1, Jelena Mamula2, Jeremiah Laktabi3
1National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
概括
飞行中的过敏反应很少发生,每百万乘客中发生率为0.7例. 尽管航空旅行和食物过敏的流行率不断上升,但飞行中的过敏医疗事件的发生率仍然稳定.
科学领域:
- 过敏和免疫学 过敏和免疫学
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 航空旅行需求激增,但对飞行中的过敏反应的担忧在食物过敏者中仍然存在.
- 关于特别因过敏而导致的飞行医疗事件 (IME) 的公布数据有限,造成不确定性.
- 由于COVID-19大流行,航空旅行出现了强的复苏,这可能会增加暴露风险.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析由过敏反应引起的飞行医疗事件的发生率.
- 提供商业航空旅行期间过敏反应风险的定量估计.
- 评估随着时间的推移与乘客数量和过敏患病率相关的过敏性IME趋势.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,PsycINFO,TRANSPORT,Cochrane) 中进行全面的文献搜索.
- 包括自1980年以来报告过敏病因的飞行医疗事件的研究.
- 重复数据提取和偏差风险评估用于元分析.
主要成果:
- 包括17项研究,所有因过敏反应而导致的IME总发病率为2.2%.
- 过敏性IMEE的发生率估计为每百万乘客0.7事件.
- 过敏性IMEs在儿童中更为频繁 (3.1%),并且在30年内保持稳定,尽管航空旅行和食物过敏患病率增加.
结论:
- 导致飞行医疗事件的过敏反应很少发生,比社区的过敏反应少得多.
- 三十年来,过敏性IMEE的发病率一直保持一致,不受乘客数量的增加或过敏患病率的影响.
- 目前的数据表明,对于食物过敏的人来说,航空旅行仍然是一个相对安全的环境.
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