在小鼠和人类的表观遗传重编程:从受精到原始生殖细胞的发展
Aditi Singh1,2, Daniel A Rappolee1,3,4,5, Douglas M Ruden1,2,4
1CS Mott Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Cells
|July 29, 2023
概括
早期胚胎的表观遗传重编程对于发育和疾病至关重要. 这篇评论详细介绍了从受精到小鼠和人类的生殖细胞形成的DNA甲基化变化,强调了环境影响.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 了解表观遗传重编程是解读疾病机制的关键,因为DNA甲基化和基因素修饰与癌症和发育障碍有关.
- 哺乳动物的全球表观遗传重编程发生在受精后和原始生殖细胞 (PGC) 发育期间.
- 这一过程涉及复杂的DNA去甲基化和de novo甲基化事件,这对细胞分化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查了解小鼠和人类胚胎从受精到PGC发育的表观遗传重编程方面的进展.
- 探索与表观遗传改变相关的疾病的分子基础.
- 为了比较小鼠和人类之间的表观遗传事件,以评估小鼠模型的实用性.
主要方法:
- 审查关于哺乳动物胚胎表观遗传重编程的现有文献.
- 对DNA甲基化动态的分析,包括主动和被动脱甲基化和de novo甲基化.
- 在小鼠和人类的表观遗传重编程阶段和机制的比较.
主要成果:
- 表观遗传重编程涉及两个主要波:受精后脱甲基化和PGC脱甲基化.
- 特定的DNA甲基转移酶 (Dnmt3a,Dnmt3b,Dnmt1) 在建立和维持甲基化模式方面发挥着不同的作用.
- 环境因素,如有毒物质和压力,可以影响形成性多能性期间的PGC发育.
结论:
- 表观遗传重编程是一个复杂的,多阶段的过程,对于哺乳动物胚胎发育至关重要.
- 关键发育窗口期间的环境暴露可能对生殖线表观遗传有持久的影响.
- 对小鼠和人类表观遗传重编程的比较分析有助于选择合适的研究模型.
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