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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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在多发性硬化症的认知障碍.

Kenneth Maiese1

  • 1Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一个不断增长的认知损失的原因. 需要针对炎症和细胞存活途径的新疗法来对抗MS相关的痴呆症和认知衰退.

关键词:
在APOE-ε4在 COVID-19 疫情中,狐 狐 是一个人.一个SIRT1系统.灭症 (apoptosis) 是一种死亡的过程.自自是自的过程.痴呆症 痴呆症是一种痴呆症.在mTOROR中使用mTOR.多发性硬化症多发性硬化症尼古丁胺胺是什么 尼古丁胺胺是什么

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 代谢途径 代谢途径

背景情况:

  • 多发性硬化症 (MS) 影响全球近300万,其特点是神经系统脱髓化.
  • 多发性硬化症的患病率上升,越来越多地被认为是认知损失和痴呆症的原因.
  • 目前的疾病修饰疗法可以控制复发和大脑体积损失,但不能控制疾病的进展或认知障碍.

研究的目的:

  • 探索治疗MS相关认知障碍的创新策略.
  • 研究参与MS炎症,免疫细胞激活和细胞存活的新途径.
  • 确定与MS相关的痴呆症和认知损失的潜在治疗点.

主要方法:

  • 审查的途径,包括编程细胞死亡,哺乳动物叉转录因子 (FoxOs),机械标的拉巴素 (mTOR),AMP激活蛋白激酶 (AMPK),和无声交配类型信息规则2同类1 (SIRT1).
  • 检查阿波利波蛋白E (APOE-ε4) 和SARS-CoV-2在MS病变发生中的作用.
  • 分析这些途径与细胞代谢之间的相互作用,特别是尼古丁胺胺氨基二核酸 (NAD+).

主要成果:

  • 确定了影响MS炎症,免疫反应和细胞存活的相互关联的途径.
  • 突出了包括NAD+在内的代谢途径在MS相关的细胞过程中的关键作用.
  • 在特定的分子通路 (FoxOs,mTOR,AMPK,SIRT1) 和MS相关的认知功能障碍之间建立了联系.

结论:

  • 了解这些复杂的途径为MS提供了新的治疗途径.
  • 针对炎症,免疫激活和细胞存活机制可以预防或逆转MS患者的认知衰退.
  • 对这些途径的进一步研究可能会导致MS诱导的痴呆症的新治疗方法.