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使用手机数据来评估在自然灾害发生后获得基本服务的机会
Tessa Swanson1, Seth Guikema1,2
1Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
概括
自然灾害会破坏获得基本服务的机会. 这项研究使用手机位置数据来绘制服务不可访问性的地图,帮助公平的灾难恢复和社区弹性规划.
科学领域:
- 灾害管理和公共卫生
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 和空间分析
- 人与计算机的交互和基于位置的服务.
背景情况:
- 自然灾害对进入食品商店,医疗保健和学校等关键服务产生重大影响.
- 评估服务访问中断的传统方法 (调查,采访) 是资源密集型和地理限制.
- 了解这些访问变化对于公平的灾难恢复和建立有弹性的社区至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和展示一种新的方法,用于在广的地理区域评估设施级别的不可访问性.
- 通过利用移动设备的基于位置服务 (LBS) 数据来补充现有方法.
- 为研究人员和应急规划人员提供工具,以确定受影响的社区和服务中断的持续时间.
主要方法:
- 利用来自手机的匿名基于位置的服务数据来跟踪访问的变化.
- 开发了一种方法来分析在一个广的地理区域的设施级别的不可访问性.
- 应用该方法来评估佛罗里达州西南部超市,学校,医疗机构和家居装修商店的准入.
主要成果:
- 成功展示了一种可扩展的方法来量化自然灾害后获得基本服务的变化.
- 确定了在风伊尔玛期间和之后经历严重难以进入的特定社区和设施类型.
- 与传统方法相比,LBS数据方法提供了更全面和地理范围更广的理解.
结论:
- 基于位置的服务数据为实时评估基本服务访问中断提供了强大的工具.
- 这种方法提升了应对灾害的规划,并通过突出弱势群体,支持公平的恢复努力.
- 该方法有助于建立更有弹性的社区,通过改善我们对灾后访问挑战的理解.
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