在面临抑郁风险的儿童中,认知控制能力的代际传播
Akina Umemoto1, Zhixin Zhou2, Emma M Millon3
1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Biological psychology
|July 29, 2023
概括
母亲严重抑郁症 (MDD) 风险可能涉及共享的认知控制能力. 较差的母亲表现与儿童大脑反应的改变相关,但不是抑郁症症状,这表明存在复杂的家族联系.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 母亲患有重大抑郁症 (MDD) 的病史是后代抑郁症的重要危险因素.
- 家庭风险传播的确切机制,特别是关于认知功能,仍然在很大程度上是未知的.
- 在患有MDD的个体中经常观察到认知控制缺陷.
研究的目的:
- 研究母亲和孩子之间认知控制能力的代际传播.
- 探索患有MDD的母亲子女的认知控制改变是否有助于抑郁风险.
- 检查母亲的认知控制与儿童神经认知反应之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 招募了65名母婴双组 (4-10岁的儿童),其中31名儿童的母亲有MDD病史.
- 在儿童友好的Go/NoGo任务中记录了脑电图 (EEG),以评估错误监测和神经振荡.
- 对母亲进行了Flanker任务,以评估她们的认知控制表现.
主要成果:
- 儿童表现出较高的错误灵敏度,由与错误相关的负面性 (ERN) 和错误正面性 (Pe) 潜力以及突出的三角形和正面中线度 (FMT) 振荡表明.
- 较差的母亲在Flanker任务上的表现与更高的儿童错误率和减少的ERN和Pe幅度有关.
- 没有发现母亲或儿童认知控制指数和儿童抑郁症状之间存在显著的关联.
结论:
- 有证据表明,在母婴二合体中,家族对认知控制能力的影响很大.
- 目前的研究结果并未确定共享认知控制变化与儿童出现抑郁症状之间的直接联系.
- 需要进一步的纵向研究,以阐明不断发展的认知控制在风险儿童抑郁风险中的作用.
更多相关视频
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.2K
06:58Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
Published on: January 24, 2020
7.4K
相关概念视频
01:30Information Processing Approach
77
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
77
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
79
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
79
01:28Human Genetics
614
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
614
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
158
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
158
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
145
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
145
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
343
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
343