少数民族青少年中压力反应的性别差异代表性不足,面临使用物质障碍的风险
Yael M Cycowicz1, Sharon Cuchacovich2, Keely Cheslack-Postava1
1New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
概括
具有物质使用障碍 (SUD) 家庭病史的青少年表现出明显的心率应激反应. 这些性别特异性模式可以解释男性和女性发展SUD的不同风险.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
背景情况:
- 儿童时期的压力,特别是父母的物质使用障碍 (SUD),可以调节失调的压力系统.
- 这种失调会增加后代患精神疾病的风险,包括SUD.
- 了解父母SUD的青少年的压力反应对于早期干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查有或没有SUD家族病史的青少年的性别特异性应激反应.
- 检查急性压力因素 (Trier社会压力任务 - TSST) 期间心率 (HR) 的变化.
主要方法:
- 利用特里尔社会压力任务 (TSST),涉及公共演讲组成部分,作为一种急性压力因素.
- 测量心率 (HR) 在青少年TSST期间与基线的变化.
- 在有 (FH+) 和没有 (FH-) SUD家族病史的青少年之间比较HR反应,分析性别特异性模式.
主要成果:
- 心率 (HR) 在演讲任务期间达到顶峰,女性的心率通常高于男性.
- 在HR变化中,生物性别和家族史 (FH) 组之间的显著相互作用.
- 具有SUD家族史的青少年显示出不同的HR反应性:FH-女性和FH+男性与FH-男性相比表现出更大的HR增加.
结论:
- 患有父母SUD的青少年表现出非典型的,性别差异化的应激反应模式.
- 这些不同的压力反应可能是通过不同的性二态途径增加SUD发展风险的基础.
- 这些发现强调了将性别视为SUD风险和预防中的生物变量的重要性.
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