喘和慢性阻塞性肺部疾病
Erick Forno1, Victor E Ortega2, Juan C Celedón1
1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Clinics in chest medicine
|July 30, 2023
概括
美国的种族和民族少数群体面临更高的喘和慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 由于环境暴露和医疗保健获取问题. 这些差异凸显了针对性干预和进一步研究的必要性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
背景情况:
- 喘和COPD不成比例地影响美国的少数群体,包括非洲裔美国人和波多黎各人.
- 与非西班牙裔白人相比,少数群体更容易接触到环境风险因素,如烟草烟雾和污染物.
- 这些暴露的差异,加上遗传因素和有限的医疗保健准入,导致疾病流行,发病率和死亡率不平等.
研究的目的:
- 审查种族和少数民族群体中喘和COPD的负担.
- 确定导致这些健康差异的关键风险因素.
- 讨论未来的研究方向,以解决这些不平等问题.
主要方法:
- 关于喘和COPD差异的现有研究的文献综述.
- 环境暴露及其对少数群体健康影响的分析.
- 检查与疾病结果有关的社会经济因素和医疗保健准入.
主要成果:
- 在种族和民族少数群体中,喘和COPD患病率,发病率和死亡率存在显著差异.
- 环境因素,包括污染和烟草烟雾,在加剧这些情况方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 医疗保健服务的不足进一步恶化了受影响的少数群体的健康结果.
结论:
- 喘和COPD的种族和种族差异是由环境暴露,遗传倾向和社会经济因素的复杂相互作用驱动的.
- 解决这些差异需要采取多方面的方法,包括环境正义倡议和改善医疗保健准入.
- 进一步的研究对于制定有针对性的战略和干预措施来缓解这些健康不平等是必不可少的.
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