阿里亚佐皮拉类氨酸的遗传编码用于光学控制的翻译
Chasity P Janosko1, Olivia Shade1, Taylor M Courtney1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.
ACS omega
|July 31, 2023
概括
研究人员开发了一种新的可光切换的氨基酸,用于遗传密码扩展. 这种非自然的氨基酸允许细胞中以光控制的蛋白质生产,从而增强了基因工程的可能性.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 合成生物学 合成生物学
背景情况:
- 遗传密码的扩展使得非自然氨基酸可以被纳入蛋白质中.
- 可光切换的分子提供了对生物过程的外部控制.
- 开发新的非自然氨基酸对于推进蛋白质工程至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了探索一个阿里拉佐皮拉醇衍生物作为一个可光切换的氨基酸用于遗传密码扩展.
- 评估这种非自然氨基酸在细胞系统中的成功结合和光控制.
- 用开发的可光切换氨基酸来演示光诱导基因表达.
主要方法:
- 基于阿里拉佐皮拉的非天然氨基酸的合成和表征.
- 在细菌和哺乳动物细胞中建立遗传密码扩展系统.
- 光化学表征和光诱导蛋白质合成的评估.
- 评估pyrrolysyltRNA合成酶对转变配置的选择性.
主要成果:
- 非自然氨基酸阿里拉佐皮拉 (arylazopyrazole) 成功地被纳入细菌和哺乳动物细胞中的蛋白质中.
- 实现了对蛋白质翻译的光诱导控制,尽管需要脉冲照射.
- 观察到,pyrrolysyl tRNA合成酶对氨基酸的转变配置具有很高的选择性.
- 证明了感兴趣的基因的光控制表达.
结论:
- 开发的阿里拉佐皮拉作为一种有效的可光切换氨基酸,用于遗传密码扩展.
- 该系统提供了一种新的方法,用于以光为媒介控制活细胞中的蛋白质合成.
- 氨基酸的高选择性在复杂的生物应用中提供了精确的控制.
相关概念视频
03:06From DNA to Protein
18.6K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
18.6K
01:31Translation
15.0K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
15.0K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
02:26tRNA Activation
19.3K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
19.3K
01:09Epistasis Analysis
5.1K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
5.1K
02:11Reporter Genes
11.5K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
11.5K