在精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍中阅读眼睛中的思想和认知能力
Rebecca Alvarez1, Eva Velthorst2, Amy Pinkham3
1Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK.
Psychological medicine
|July 31, 2023
概括
精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍会损害思维理论 (ToM) 能力,正如阅读眼睛中的思维测试 (RMET) 所示. 智商 (IQ) 显著影响RMET表现,解释了这些条件之间的差异.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症 (SZ) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是神经发育状况,通常与社会认知缺陷有关.
- 心理理论 (ToM) 的困难,即将心理状态归因于自己和他人的能力,是SZ和ASD的标志.
研究的目的:
- 调查精神分裂症,自闭症谱系障碍和健康对照组之间的思维理论 (ToM) 表现的群体差异.
- 检查这些群体中估计的智商 (IQ) 和ToM表现之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一组1227名参与者,包括患有SZ (n=563),ASD (n=159) 和对照组 (n=505) 的个人,完成了阅读眼睛中的思维测试 (RMET).
- 对所有参与者的认知能力,特别是智商,进行了评估.
- 用回归分析来探索智商,群体状态和RMET表现之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,SZ和ASD组在RMET上表现明显较差.
- 与ASD患者相比,SZ患者在RMET上表现明显差.
- 当IQ被纳入分析时,SZ和ASD之间的RMET表现的群体差异不再显著,尽管两组相对于对照组仍然有损.
结论:
- 在精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍中,社会认知,特别是RMET上的障碍显而易见.
- 智商 (IQ) 在解释SZ和ASD个体之间的RMET表现观察到的差异方面发挥着重要作用.
- 未来对SZ和ASD的比较研究应该考虑和控制非社会认知能力,如智商.
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