一个儿科上呼吸道图书馆来评估气溶沉积的患者间变异性
Emily L Kolewe1, Saurav Padhye1, Ian R Woodward1
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
AAPS PharmSciTech
|July 31, 2023
概括
儿科呼吸道几何学显著影响气溶药物输送. 吸入器设计和患者解剖学,而不是年龄,是优化儿童吸入治疗的关键因素.
科学领域:
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 儿科呼吸系统医学 儿科呼吸系统医学
- 计算流体动力学的流体动力学.
背景情况:
- 儿科呼吸道解剖学经历了显著的发育变化,这给有效的气溶治疗带来了挑战.
- 目前的气溶疗法往往缺乏针对儿科的特定设计,导致药物沉积和疗效低于最佳水平.
- 了解几何变化及其对气溶沉积的影响对于开发有针对性的儿科治疗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在发育过程中量化儿科上呼吸道的几何变化.
- 在儿科和成人模型中分析与解剖学,吸入器和临床指标相关的气溶沉积模式.
- 确定影响气溶沉积的关键参数,以优化儿科吸入疗法.
主要方法:
- 利用了24个儿科和4个成年计算模型的图书馆,代表了3.5个月至6.9岁的年龄.
- 进行了计算流体粒子动力学模拟,使用粒子大小 (0.1-10μm) 和流速 (10-120 Lpm).
- 分析了使用多变量回归和主要成分分析对气溶沉积的解剖学 (视角,GC比,H比),吸入器 (颗粒直径,流量) 和临床 (年龄,性别,身高,体重) 度量.
主要成果:
- 所有分析的指标 (解剖学,吸入器,临床) 都显著影响了气溶沉积,影响程度各不相同.
- 主要组件分析显示,颗粒径,流速,GC比,表角和性别占沉积变化的90%.
- 年龄不是儿科沉积的重要因素,但在比较成年人时具有影响力;吸入器设计指标具有很大的影响力.
结论:
- 吸入器的设计和特定的解剖特征是儿童气道中气溶沉积的关键决定因素.
- 针对儿童的吸入方法对于优化药物输送和治疗结果至关重要.
- 这项研究为儿童群体的个性化气溶药物提供了一个框架.
相关概念视频
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
01:23Assessment of Respiration
The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
01:29Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
01:27Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection
Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
01:31Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation
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Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Palpation Findings
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