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在一个常见的粉状菌效应架构中的结构多态性作为与谷物免疫受体共同进化的驱动力

Yu Cao^1,2, Florian Kümmel¹, Elke Logemann¹

¹Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 31, 2023

概括

植物免疫受体 (NLR) 和病原体作用因子共同演变. 在草粉状菌中,RNase-like RALPH效应体进化了新的毒性功能,通过结构变异逃避了NLR检测.

科学领域:

植物病原体相互作用
分子植物病理学分子植物病理学
结构生物学是结构生物学.

背景情况:

主体-病原体共同进化驱动植物免疫受体 (核酸结合性白丰富的重复免疫受体 - - NLRs) 和病原体效应体的相互遗传适应.
草粉 (PM) 菌具有RNase-like效应器 (RALPH) 的扩大家族,其中一些成员作为谷物NLRs识别的激发力 (AVR) 效应器.

研究的目的:

阐明由特定的NLRs认可的大麦PM效应器 (AVR_A6,AVR_A7,AVR_A10/AVR_A22) 和小麦PM效应器 (AVR_PM2) 的结构.
调查RALPH效应因子结构变化的功能影响,涉及它们的毒性和宿主免疫系统逃避.

主要方法:

用X射线晶体学来确定多个RALPH AVR效应器的结构.
序列分析和结构比较以确定RALPH效应器家族内的变异.
生物化学测试以评估核酶和RNA结合活动.
结构引导的突变发生来探测效应体-NLR相互作用.

主要成果:

AVR效应器与RNase T1/F1家族具有共同的支架,但具有显著的结构变异.
所有经过测试的RALPH AVR效应器都缺乏核酶和RNA结合活动,这表明病毒性新功能化.
结构引导的突变发生法确定了AVR_A6中负责特定NLR识别的关键残留物,以及MLA受体对AVR_A10/AVR_A22识别的独特表面补丁.

结论:

在RALPH效应器支架中的多态性,无论是序列还是结构,使PM真菌能够逃避NLR识别.
RALPH效应物的新功能化可能有助于草粉的多种毒性策略.
了解这些结构适应提供了关于植物和病原体之间正在进行的军备竞赛的见解.

关键词:

晶体结构晶体结构效应器效应器是一个有效的效应器.免疫受体的免疫受体是什么这是先天免疫力.粉状菌是一种粉状菌.

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