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延迟折扣中的发育偏差作为儿童精神病理风险的跨诊断指标
Jacob DeRosa1,2, Keri S Rosch3,4,5, Stewart H Mostofsky3,5,6
1Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
概括
延迟折扣 (DD) 是对即时奖励的偏好,在大多数儿童精神疾病中都很高. 较低的社会经济地位加剧了DD和推理缺陷,突出了针对性干预的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 延迟折扣 (DD) 是倾向于偏爱较小的,即时的奖励而不是更大的,延迟的奖励.
- DD的偏差与精神病和神经发育障碍有关,最近的证据支持DD作为一个跨诊断过程.
- 关于DD从童年到青春期的发育变化,与精神疾病和社会经济因素相关的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 与神经类型青年相比,调查9种精神疾病中延迟折扣 (DD) 的发育变化.
- 检查DD,精神病并发症亚型,认知能力和社会经济地位 (家庭总收入) 之间的关系.
- 探索DD作为儿科精神病和神经发育障碍的标记物的跨诊断实用性.
主要方法:
- 利用通用添加模型 (GAMs) 来分析1843名儿童和青少年 (5-18岁) 的货币和食物奖励折扣的年龄相关变化.
- 采用引导增强的Louvain社区检测来识别DD相关的并发病模式,并推导出五种诊断亚型.
- 评估了认知能力,情绪/行为问题和家庭总收入 (THI) 对DD轨迹的影响.
主要成果:
- 与神经类型对照组相比,在九种精神疾病中的六种中观察到较高的DD,除了抑郁障碍外,在整个发育过程中都出现了一致的升高.
- 综合性ADHD和焦虑障碍的并发症亚型显示出更高的情绪/行为问题和更大的食物奖励DD.
- 一个ADHD-注意力不集中,学习和发育障碍子类型表现出最显著的DD对于两个奖励类型,与推理缺陷相关;较低的THI与更糟糕的DD轨迹有关.在这个群体中.
结论:
- 延迟折扣 (DD) 显示出作为青少年精神病和神经发育障碍的跨诊断标记物的潜力.
- 同病性亚型显示了DD的异质性,有助于识别高风险个体.
- 研究结果强调了DD,推理能力和社会经济地位之间的联系,这表明经济不利的年轻人患有这些疾病的自我调节受损.
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