在老年患者中治疗和预防流感
1Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama, United States.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology
|August 1, 2023
概括
流感对老年人构成重大风险. 强化疫苗和像oseltamivir这样的抗病毒药物对于预防和治疗至关重要,尽管对于特定的老年治疗需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 老年人因与年龄相关的生理变化影响感染和治疗反应而对流感非常脆弱.
- 老年人流感的预防和治疗依赖于疫苗接种和抗病毒疗法,对这一群体有特殊考虑.
研究的目的:
- 审查老年患者目前的流感预防和治疗策略.
- 评估老年人不同抗病毒药物的证据基础.
- 确定知识上的差距,并建议未来的研究方向为老年流感管理.
主要方法:
- 关于老年人流感疫苗接种和抗病毒疗法的文献综述.
- 对临床试验数据和有关老年流感管理的专家意见的分析.
- 关于oseltamivir,peramivir,zanamivir和 baloxavir在老年人中的疗效和安全性的综合证据.
主要成果:
- 建议在季节之前为老年人提供增强型流感疫苗.
- 奥塞尔塔米维尔在降低老年患者的死亡率和并发症方面显示出最强有力的证据,特别是在医院和长期护理机构.
- 珀拉米维尔和巴洛克萨维尔在减轻症状和耐受性方面具有潜在的优势,但在这个人群中广泛使用需要进一步的证据.
结论:
- 奥塞尔塔米维尔是治疗老年流感的最多功能抗病毒药物,对复杂病例的替代药物是肠道佩拉米维尔和扎纳米维尔.
- 单剂量佩拉米维尔和巴洛克萨维尔是有希望的,但需要更多关于住院和长期护理患者死亡率和并发症的数据.
- 对比性试验对于确定每个抗病毒在老年人群中的最佳作用至关重要.
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