自闭症和神经典型儿童的兴趣如何影响他们在学习小说词时的准确性?
Charlotte Rothwell1, Gert Westermann2, Calum Hartley3
1Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK. c.e.rothwell@lancaster.ac.uk.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|August 2, 2023
概括
自闭症儿童学习新词语与神经类型儿童相似,但对动物等喜爱的话题显示出更好的短期回忆力. 睡眠有助于所有儿童的记忆巩固,特别是对于自闭症儿童中性话题.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 儿童的单词学习依赖于集中注意力.
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 通常与受限的兴趣有关,可能会影响学习期间的刺激摄入量.
- 了解类别兴趣如何影响自闭症儿童的单词学习对于教育和治疗干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查类别兴趣对自闭症和神经类型儿童新词学习的影响.
- 用高兴趣 (动物) 和中性兴趣 (物体) 刺激来比较自闭症和神经类型儿童之间的单词学习准确度和速度.
- 在短期 (5分钟) 和长期 (24小时) 间隔检查新学词语的记忆.
主要方法:
- 自闭症和神经类型的儿童,与接受性词汇相匹配,参与了触摸屏计算机任务.
- 新词是通过快速映射学到的,与动物 (高兴趣) 和物体 (中性兴趣) 刺激相关.
- 响应的准确性和速度在初始学习,5分钟和24小时的保留间隔时被测量.
主要成果:
- 两组在通过相互排他性来识别新词意义方面都表现出可比的准确性.
- 与神经类型儿童相比,自闭症儿童对与动物有关的词语的5分钟记忆能力更好.
- 自闭症儿童在5分钟和24小时的保留时间之间表现出更大的准确性改善,在睡眠后表现优于神经典型儿童,特别是在中性刺激方面,但总体上反应较慢.
结论:
- 基本的单词学习机制在自闭症中似乎完好无损,尽管可能存在速度和准确性的权衡.
- 睡眠对单词学习的记忆巩固起着重要作用,特别是对于自闭症儿童中性刺激.
- 调整学习环境以利用高兴趣的刺激并提供足够的重复,可以支自闭症儿童的词汇获取.
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