大米的干旱压力:形态生理和分子反应和标记器辅助育种
Muhammad A Hassan1, Ni Dahu1, Tong Hongning2
1Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.
Frontiers in plant science
|August 3, 2023
概括
干旱严重影响了大米产量和粮食安全. 本综述强调了标记辅助育种如何通过识别关键基因和定量特征位点 (QTLs) 来加速开发耐旱大米品种.
科学领域:
- 农业学是一种农业学.
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
- 分子遗传学 分子遗传学
背景情况:
- 干旱压力严重降低了大米 (Oryza Sativa L.) 的生产力,威胁到全球粮食安全.
- 植物具有固有的抗干旱机制 (逃避,避免,耐受,恢复),涉及生理和分子调整.
- 由于特征的复杂性,传统的米干旱耐受性育种取得了有限的成功.
研究的目的:
- 审查干旱压力对大米生长及其形态生理,生化和分子反应的负面影响.
- 收集有关数量特征位点 (QTLs) 和与干旱压力下产量特征相关的基因的信息.
- 强调现代育种技术,特别是标记辅助选择 (MAS) 在培养耐旱大米方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 对大米干旱压力影响的文献综述.
- 收集有关QTL和与干旱期间产量特征相关的基因的数据.
- 强调标记辅助育种和标记辅助选择 (MAS) 策略.
主要成果:
- 干旱压力改变了水生长周期,并引发了显著的形态生理,生化和分子变化.
- 关键的干旱适应反应包括氧化还原平衡,透调整和水关系平衡.
- 已经确定了影响干旱产量特征的定量特征位置 (QTL) 和特定基因.
结论:
- 使用分子标记物的标记器辅助育种是一种务实的方法,可以加速干旱耐受性大米品种的发展.
- 将传统育种与MAS工具相结合,对于将可取的QTL/基因入精英大米品种中至关重要.
- 这一审查为未来的作物开发计划提供了基础,重点是提高大米对干旱压力的抵抗力.
相关概念视频
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
19.0K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
19.0K
02:02Responses to Salt Stress
13.2K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
13.2K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.7K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.7K
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
28.4K
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
28.4K