pituitary corticotroph刺激性中的性别差异
Peter J Duncan1, Nicola Romanò1, Sooraj V Nair1
1Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in physiology
|August 3, 2023
概括
与压力相关的疾病中的性别差异可能源于明显的前垂体皮质otroph电活动. 这项研究揭示了雄性和雌性皮质细胞中独特的离子通道景观和兴奋模式,影响压力反应.
科学领域:
- 神经内分泌学神经内分泌学
- 细胞电生理学 细胞电生理学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 与压力相关的疾病表现出显著的性别差异,女性不成比例地受到抑郁和焦虑的影响.
- 脑下垂体 - 脑下垂体 - 上腺 (HPA) 轴,由前垂体中的皮质营养细胞调节,在应激反应中起着至关重要的作用.
- 了解HPA轴功能的性别差异背后的细胞机制对于解决与压力相关的疾病至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究小鼠前垂体皮质细胞的电刺激性,基于性别的差异.
- 确定与压力相关的神经和性激素如何调节皮质otroph功能.
- 确定分子支柱,特别是离子通道表达,有助于皮质otroph活动的性别差异.
主要方法:
- 穿孔补丁电生理学被用来记录来自Pomc-GFP小鼠的皮质营养菌中的电活动.
- 用皮质otrophin释放激素 (CRH) 和氨酸压缩素 (AVP) 刺激细胞.
- 进行RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 在纯化的皮质细胞上,以分析基因表达,重点关注离子通道.
主要成果:
- 雄性和雌性皮质细胞表现出明显的基底和秘密唤起的射击模式,其特点是不同的超极化后振幅 (B型和A型尖峰).
- 雌激醇 (E2) 治疗改变了CRH诱导的爆发,在增强BK通道活性时观察到部分逆转.
- RNA-seq揭示了超过71个离子通道子单元mRNA的差异表达,包括女性与男性显著较低的BK通道 (Kcnma1) 表达.
结论:
- 在前垂体皮质细胞的内在电特性和刺激性方面存在显著的性别差异.
- 不同离子通道表达,特别是BK通道,有助于皮质细胞对CRH的性二态反应.
- 这些细胞水平的皮质细胞功能性别差异可能是压力相关疾病中性别差异的关键机制.
相关概念视频
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
60.5K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
60.5K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands
2.6K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
2.6K
Major Hormones and Their Functions
496
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
496
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
3.5K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
Humoral...
3.5K
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
6.7K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
6.7K
The Pituitary Gland
6.9K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
6.9K


