[结核病接触者追踪建议 - 更新2023年]
Roland Diel1,2,3, Cornelia Breuer4,3, Lena Bös5
1Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel.
Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)
|August 3, 2023
概括
结核病 (TB) 的接触追踪旨在检测感染链并防止传播. 最近的数据支持对儿童进行干扰素释测试 (IGRA) 和结核素皮肤测试,并推几种预防疗法.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 临床微生物学 临床微生物学
背景情况:
- 接触者追踪对于结核病 (TB) 控制至关重要,它补充了活跃病例的发现.
- 有效的追踪需要仔细选择接触者,以确定最近的感染,并优化预防治疗.
- 关于结核病接触者追踪的先前建议已通过新数据进行更新.
研究的目的:
- 更新结核病接触者追踪建议,重点关注改进的诊断方法和预防策略.
- 根据接触类型和持续时间,为测试人员的选择提供指导.
- 针对不同年龄组,特别是儿童的干扰素释测试 (IGRA) 和结核素皮肤测试 (TST) 的使用问题.
主要方法:
- 关于干扰素-释放试验 (IGRA) 在儿科结核病接触追踪中的有效性和应用的最新数据的审查.
- 将IGRA的性能与儿童的传统结核素皮肤测试 (TST) 的性能进行比较.
- 对已确认结核病感染的推预防治疗方案的分析.
主要成果:
- 现在对于成人结核病的接触追踪,偏好使用干扰素-释量测试 (IGRA).
- 对于儿童的结核病接触追踪,IGRA和TST都被认为是相当的.
- 推的预防疗法包括利法素 (4个月),利法素/异亚 (3个月) 或异亚 (9个月).
结论:
- 更新的指导方针提高了结核病接触者追踪和预防性治疗选择的精度.
- 儿童IGRA和TST的等价性扩大了诊断选择.
- 该研究强调了针对不同环境和年龄组的结核病接触者追踪的量身定制方法.
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