在四种主要精神疾病中的皮层下体积变化:对5604名受试者的大型分析研究和对分类的体积数据驱动方法
Naohiro Okada1,2, Masaki Fukunaga3, Kenichiro Miura4
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Molecular psychiatry
|August 3, 2023
概括
这项研究根据精神疾病的皮质下体积确定了四种大脑生物型. 这些生物型与不同程度的认知和社会功能相关,为生物标志物驱动的诊断铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 目前的精神病诊断依赖于症状,缺乏客观的生物标志物.
- 皮下大脑结构对于心理行为功能至关重要.
- 现有的神经成像缺乏对认知/社会功能进行数据驱动的临床标准.
研究的目的:
- 根据皮质下大脑体积对精神病患者进行分组.
- 研究这些集群与认知/社会功能之间的关联.
- 探索精神疾病的新型数据驱动的诊断标准.
主要方法:
- 这是一项大规模的多站点神经成像研究,对5604名受试者 (对照组3078,2526名患者) 进行了大规模的神经成像研究.
- 使用T1加权MRI分析皮质下体积和侧面化变化的分析.
- 数据驱动的对象集群基于皮层下体积.
主要成果:
- 根据皮下体积确定了四种大脑生物型 (BB1-BB4).
- BB1和BB2-3分别表现出严重和轻度的认知/社会障碍.
- BB4表现出正常的认知/社会功能.
结论:
- 基于皮质下体积的聚类可以根据功能对精神病患者进行分类.
- 这种方法可能使新的,基于生物标志物的精神病诊断标准成为可能.
- 结果可以帮助预测结果和选择治疗方法.
相关概念视频
01:17Classification of Illness
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
01:29Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
01:27Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...