有多少参与者?有多少参与者? 有多少试炼?有多少试炼? 最大限度地提高反应时间研究的力量
1Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. miller@psy.otago.ac.nz.
Behavior research methods
|August 3, 2023
概括
对于反应时间 (RT) 实验,最大限度地提高统计能力往往意味着测试许多参与者每人只有少数试验. 这种方法通常比在许多试验中测试更少的参与者产生更大的功率,特别是在预测效应变化时.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 实验心理学 实验心理学
- 心理测量方法 心理测量方法
背景情况:
- 反应时间 (RT) 实验资源密集,迫使参与者数量和每个参与者的试验之间进行权衡.
- 优化实验设计对于在资源限制范围内最大限度地提高统计能力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较RT研究中两个常见的设计策略的实验力:许多参与者/少数试验与少数参与者/许多试验.
- 确定最佳的参与者和试验数组合,以最大限度地提高RT实验中的统计能力.
主要方法:
- 从八个大型RT数据集中模拟虚拟实验,使用参与者的子集和试验.
- 对比设计变化了参与者数量和每个参与者的试验,同时保持总试验不变.
- 分析了19个实验效应,以评估不同设计配置下的功率.
主要成果:
- 参与者和试验的最佳组合取决于效果的平均值和可变性如何随实践而变化.
- 对于大多数效应,具有许多参与者和每个参与者的试验数量较少的设计产生了更大的功率.
- 在某些情况下,每位参与者每种条件只需两次试验,就能达到最大功率.
结论:
- 在RT研究中,研究人员通常应该优先招募大量参与者参加较短的实验会议.
- 预测效果在一个会话中如何变化,可以为设计选择提供信息,并增加实验能力.
- 这些发现为优化在资源有限的情况下的RT实验设计提供了实际指导.
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