人工智能在医疗保健中的公平性:审查和建议
Daiju Ueda1, Taichi Kakinuma2, Shohei Fujita3
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. ai.labo.ocu@gmail.com.
Japanese journal of radiology
|August 4, 2023
概括
医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 需要公平,以防止偏见对患者造成伤害. 本综述概述了人工智能公平性问题,缓解策略以及为公平整合而采取的协作努力.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床决策支持系统 临床决策支持系统
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 的临床整合,特别是深度学习算法,正在医学领域迅速发展.
- 对人工智能偏见和歧视的担忧对患者健康和公平护理构成风险.
- 确保人工智能应用中的公平性对于负责任的医疗保健创新至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在临床环境中提供对人工智能公平性问题的全面概述.
- 讨论在医疗保健中使用的AI算法中减轻偏差的策略.
- 强调需要多方利益相关者合作,以实现公平的AI整合.
主要方法:
- 对现有关于人工智能在医疗保健和放射学中的公平性文献的审查.
- 在AI医疗应用中对公平性的定义和概念化.
- 识别人工智能偏见的原因和影响,包括误诊和不平等的访问.
- 概述了减轻偏差的策略,例如各种数据和算法审计.
- 讨论道德和法律方面的考虑:数据隐私,问责制,透明度和可解释性.
主要成果:
- 人工智能偏见可能导致错误诊断,不平等的治疗机会和道德困境.
- 多样化,代表性数据集和严格的算法审计是缓解偏差的关键.
- 伦理考虑包括数据隐私,问责制,透明度和可解释性.
- 人工智能在医疗保健中的公平性建议 (FAIR) 声明提供了最佳实践.
结论:
- 解决人工智能公平性对于在医疗保健中负责任和公平地实施人工智能至关重要.
- 医生,研究人员,开发人员,政策制定者和患者之间的多方利益相关者合作至关重要.
- 该FAIR声明为医学AI公平性最佳实践提供了一个框架.
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