与学校相关的SARS-CoV-2传播的流行率和风险因素
Sandra B Nelson1,2, Caitlin M Dugdale1,2,3, Isaac Ravi Brenner3
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
JAMA health forum
|August 4, 2023
概括
马萨诸塞州学校的SARS-CoV-2的二次攻击率 (SAR) 较低,传播风险因素因时间而异. 戴口罩和接种疫苗减少了传播,而更高的社会脆弱性增加了传播.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病传播 传染病传播
背景情况:
- 与学校相关的SARS-CoV-2传播率以前是未知的.
- 了解传播动态对于有效的学校安全协议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定K-12学校的SARS-CoV-2二次攻击率 (SAR).
- 在学校环境中确定影响SARS-CoV-2传播的因素.
主要方法:
- 在马萨诸塞州10个学区进行了一项队列研究,涉及两个学期 (2020年秋季/2021年春季和2021年秋季).
- 收集了指数病例和学校接触者的数据,SAR计算为感染SARS-CoV-2的接触者的比例.
- 后勤回归模型分析了传播与等级水平,掩护,暴露位置,疫苗接种状态和社会脆弱性指数 (SVI) 等因素之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在2020年秋季/2021年春季,SAR为2.2%,在2021年秋季为2.8%.
- 戴口罩与在2020年秋季/2021年春季期间传播的几率 (OR,0.12) 显著降低.
- 在2021年秋季,课堂暴露 (OR,2.47) 和较高的SVI与传播率的增加有关,而疫苗接种 (OR,0.04) 与传播率的降低有关.
结论:
- 在学校中SARS-CoV-2的二次攻击率很低.
- 传播风险因素是动态的,在研究期间之间有所变化.
- 持续的监测和适应性缓解策略对于基于学校的疾病预防至关重要.
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