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接种COVID-19疫苗和麻风-英国一项基于医院的回顾性队列研究
Barbara de Barros1,2, Rachel Pierce3, Cathryn Sprenger4
1Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的麻风患者经历了罕见的新麻风诊断或反应,可能与疫苗诱导的T细胞反应有关. 据认为,COVID-19疫苗接种的好处超过了这些风险.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
背景情况:
- 麻风反应,T细胞介导的并发症,可以导致神经损伤,并需要免疫抑制,增加严重的COVID-19风险.
- 针对免疫抑制的个体,优先进行SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种,包括那些面临严重COVID-19风险的人.
- SARS-CoV-2 疫苗可能会引起 T 细胞反应,理论上对患有麻风或潜在 Mycobacterium leprae 感染的个体构成风险.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查患有麻风的人在SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后新麻风诊断和反应的发生率.
- 评估SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种在麻风患者队列中的安全性.
主要方法:
- 一个回顾性队列研究是使用2021年麻风诊所的电子病例记录进行的.
- 收集的数据包括SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种状态,麻风诊断,以及疫苗接种后12周内发生麻风反应的情况.
- 还记录了患者人口统计,治疗状态 (多药疗法) 和免疫抑制剂的使用情况.
主要成果:
- 在52名麻风患者中,有49人 (98%) 接受了至少一剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗.
- 一个人在第二剂BNT162b2疫苗接种一周后发展出边界结核性麻风.
- 另一个人在BNT162b2疫苗剂量后八周经历了1型麻风反应,此前曾接受过CoronaVac.
结论:
- 在BNT162b2疫苗接种后不久发生的麻风和反应表明与疫苗介导的T细胞反应的潜在关联.
- 虽然这些事件很罕见,但从麻风流行地区持续收集数据对于进一步了解潜在的不良影响至关重要.
- 据认为,针对严重疾病的COVID-19疫苗接种的保护性益处超过了这种人群中观察到的风险.
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