Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

513
Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
513
Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

6.9K
Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
6.9K
Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

11.1K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
11.1K
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

6.2K
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
6.2K
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

165
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
165
Escape Velocity01:26

Escape Velocity

5.7K
The escape velocity of an object is defined as the minimum initial velocity that it requires to escape the surface of another object to which it is gravitationally bound and never to return. For example, what would be the minimum velocity at which a satellite should be launched from the Earth's surface such that it just escapes the Earth's gravitational field?
To calculate the escape velocity, it is assumed that no energy is lost to any frictional forces. In practice, a satellite...
5.7K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

IgA is necessary and sufficient to prevent norovirus infection in mice.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

Association between multi-oil fat emulsion and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants <32 weeks.

Translational pediatrics·2026
Same author

Identity, ontogeny, and age-related changes in splenic white pulp macrophages in mouse and human spleen.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Effects of IMU placement strategies on the accuracy of hip joint angle estimation.

Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

DOCK8 and STAT3 cooperate to restrain IgE-inducing T follicular helper cells.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus (aCMV) infection with sepsis-like syndrome in extremely preterm twins.

IDCases·2025
Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Claudins interact with LILRB immune inhibitory receptors to promote myeloid immunosuppression in cancer".

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

Langerhans cell control of early-life dermal lymphatic development shapes adult immunity.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

T<sub>reg</sub> cells promote immunotherapy-induced immune evasion by restraining CD4 T cell control of MHC-I-deficient metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

CXCL16-mediated recruitment of γδ T cells to the brain reduces sociability in mice.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

Bioactive enhanced adjuvant chemokine oligonucleotide nanoparticles (BEACONs) for mucosal vaccination against genital herpes.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

Bacterial infection reshapes monocyte and macrophage ontogeny at the CNS borders.

Science immunology·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

11.8K

从孔隙中逃脱出来的方法

Xiangyun Yin1, Stephanie C Eisenbarth2

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Science immunology
|August 4, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

珀福林-2蛋白质促进了分子从内分体中逃逸到称为交叉呈现树突细胞的特殊免疫细胞中,这对免疫反应至关重要.

更多相关视频

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major
08:17

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.5K
Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
08:51

Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: December 2, 2011

13.6K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

11.8K
Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major
08:17

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.5K
Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
08:51

Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: December 2, 2011

13.6K

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 状细胞是免疫系统中关键的抗原呈现细胞.
  • 交叉呈现的树突细胞 (cDCs) 在MHC I类分子上独特呈现异源抗原.
  • 通过cDCs有效的抗原处理和呈现对于启动适应性免疫,特别是细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究穿孔素-2在交叉呈现的树突细胞的细胞内贩运和抗原呈现途径中的作用.
  • 确定穿孔素-2促进抗原从cDC中的内分体逃逸的机制.
  • 为了阐明穿孔素-2-介导的内细胞逃逸的功能意义,用于免疫监测.

主要方法:

  • 利用了小鼠骨髓衍生的原发性树突细胞 (BMDCs) 和相关细胞系.
  • 采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑来产生缺素-2的细胞系和初级细胞.
  • 进行活细胞成像,免疫光显微镜和流细胞计,以追踪抗原贩运和细胞反应.
  • 使用与T细胞共同培养试验评估抗原呈现能力.

主要成果:

  • 发现Perforin-2对于交叉呈现的树突细胞中内化抗原的内细胞逃逸至关重要.
  • 穿孔素-2的损失导致cDCs对MHC I类分子的抗原呈现受损.
  • 珀福林-2调解了晚期内体/溶体区的破坏,允许抗原释放到细胞质中.
  • 这种内细胞逃生机制对于高效的交叉呈现至关重要.

结论:

  • 珀福林-2在使交叉呈现的树突细胞能够逃脱内体通路方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
  • 这种依赖穿孔素-2的机制对于有效的抗原交叉呈现和随后的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞激活至关重要.
  • 准穿孔素-2可能为调节免疫反应提供新的策略.