对SARS-CoV-2在动物中复制和演变的风险评估
Jin Zhao1, Mei Kang2, Hongyan Wu1
1Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Trends in microbiology
|August 4, 2023
概括
动物SARS-CoV-2 (严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2) 传播给人类令人担忧. 动物源病毒中的新突变,特别是尖端蛋白质中的新突变.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 从子和鹿等动物传播到人类的SARS-CoV-2的动物性传播是令人担忧的.
- 动物水库有可能推动新型SARS-CoV-2变种的出现,这构成了流行病威胁.
研究的目的:
- 审查对SARS-CoV-2感染和传播敏感的动物物种.
- 分析动物衍生的SARS-CoV-2的突变,重点关注尖端蛋白的受体结合域 (RBD).
- 评估这些来自动物的病毒突变对公共卫生的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 关于SARS-CoV-2动物感染的科学文献的综述.
- 来自动物宿主病毒序列的分析.
- 评估突变对ACE2受体结合和抗体识别的影响.
主要成果:
- 在动物衍生的SARS-CoV-2的RBD中确定了九种独特的氨基酸交换,这些交换在人类关注变种 (VOC) 中没有发现.
- 这些突变存在于伴侣动物 (狗,猫) 中,在子和白尾鹿中普遍存在.
- 特定的突变,如Leu452Met,可能会逃避人类免疫力,同时保持ACE2受体亲和力.
结论:
- 持续的动物对人类的SARS-CoV-2传播可能会促进有关突变的发展.
- 由于存在潜在的公共卫生风险,动物衍生的SARS-CoV-2需要进一步研究.
- 监测和理解这些突变对于疫情准备至关重要.
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