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成年人的年龄和Locus Coeruleus的功能对基于奖励的学习的影响
Hsiang-Yu Chen1,2, Michael Marxen3, Martin J Dahl4,5
1Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany hsiangyuchen@brandeis.edu.
概括
老年人表现出基于奖励的决策能力受损,这是由于与年龄相关的上腺素 (NE) 系统功能下降. 在老年人中,减少瞳孔扩张和心脏部位 (LC) MRI 对比表明价值估计和更新的缺陷.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知老龄化 认知老龄化
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 与年龄相关的认知能力下降,特别是决策和奖励学习方面的认知能力下降,与包括多巴胺 (DA) 和上腺素 (NE) 在内的甲醇胺功能的降低有关.
- 与年龄相关的NE系统衰退对人类基于奖励的决策的具体影响仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查与年龄相关的上腺素 (NE) 功能下降如何影响人类基于奖励的决策.
- 为了检查与任务相关的瞳孔反应, (LC) 结构和跨年龄组基于价值的决策之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对年轻和年长的成年人进行了概率性决策任务.
- 使用Q学习模型来评估预期值和价值灵敏度.
- 测量了与任务相关的瞳孔扩张和心脏部位 (LC) 磁共振成像 (MRI) 对比度.
主要成果:
- 年轻的成年人表现出与结果概率的不确定性相关的瞳孔扩张,这些概率在老年人中减少,表明估计和更新值受损.
- 在两个年龄组中,更高的不确定性引起的瞳孔扩张与更高的值灵敏度 (β参数) 有关.
- 老年人表现出较低的LC-MRI对比度,表明结构退化,这种对比度仅在这个群体中与值灵敏度有正相关.
结论:
- 与任务相关的学生反应是价值估计和更新在基于奖励的决策过程中年龄相关缺陷的敏感指标.
- 由较低的LC-MRI对比度证明,LC结构的与年龄相关的退化,与衰老期间调节价值表示有关.
- 结果突出了LC-NE系统在基于奖励的学习和决策中的与年龄相关的变化中的作用.
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