在受人类限制的条件下,欧洲南部灰狼日间活动增加
Alejandro Martínez-Abraín1, Ánxela Llinares1, Luis Llaneza1,2
1Universidade da Coruña, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.
Journal of mammalogy
|August 7, 2023
概括
狼在白天可能会变得更活跃,因为人类的迫害减少了. 在自然实验中观察到的这种行为转变表明恐惧的丧失,并可能导致新的人狼冲突.
科学领域:
- 野生动物的行为和生态.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 从历史上看,人类的迫害驱使狼走向夜间活动.
- 在人类压力减少的情况下了解狼的活动模式对于保护至关重要.
- 有限的研究存在于狼变得更日活动,当不被迫害.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究狼的日常活动模式,在一个受限制的人类访问的区域.
- 为了比较狼在受人类限制的环境中的活动与人类高度使用的控制场所.
- 评估减少人类存在对狼日常生活和恐惧反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用摄像头陷超过3年在人类限制的网站和2年在一个控制站点监控狼的昼夜活动.
- 在一个单独的控制站点分析了两只狼的GPS-GSM项圈数据.
- 进行了飞行启动距离 (FID) 试验,以测量狼对人类的恐惧.
主要成果:
- 人类限制区域的狼在白天活动增加,活动在10:00至12:00之间达到峰值.
- 人类限制区域的日间活动显著增加,与对照地点相比,日间摄像头捕获的陷数量增加了78%.
- 人类受限地点的狼表现出较短的飞行启动距离,表明对人类的恐惧减少,与控制地点不同.
结论:
- 减少对人类的迫害可能会导致狼的日常活动增加,这与恐惧的丧失有关.
- 这种行为可塑性表明,狼可能适应在城市化地区不断增加的人类存在,而没有致命的控制.
- 增加白天活动的可能性需要主动的人狼冲突管理策略和政策调整.
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