异种移植中的抗体介导排斥:它可以预防或逆转吗?
Zahra Habibabady1, Gannon McGrath1, Kohei Kinoshita1
1Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Xenotransplantation
|August 7, 2023
概括
抗体介导排斥 (AMR) 经常导致非人类灵长类动物 (NHPs) 的猪移植失败. 在猪外移植中逆转AMR仍然具有挑战性,需要组合疗法和潜在的捐赠猪遗传修饰以改善结果.
科学领域:
- 移植免疫学 移植免疫学
- 异种移植研究 异种移植研究
- 免疫抑制策略 免疫抑制策略
背景情况:
- 抗体介导排斥 (AMR) 是非人类灵长类动物 (NHPs) 猪移植失败的主要原因.
- 在异种移植 (46%) 中,AMR发生率明显高于NHP中的全种移植 (3%).
- 在猪异种移植中没有报告AMR的成功逆转,与所有移植不同.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前和潜在的治疗策略,以预防和逆转猪到NHP异种移植中的AMR.
- 突出在异种移植模型中管理AMR的挑战和知识差距.
- 提出未来的方向,包括组合疗法和基因工程.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的文学关于AMR治疗在allografts和xenografts.
- 分析治疗方法,包括抗体消耗,补充抑制,B/血细胞向和抗炎药物.
- 对捐赠猪的潜在遗传修饰进行讨论.
主要成果:
- 目前的治疗方法,如等离子体合成,暂时降低抗体,但不足以持续控制.
- 补充抑制剂在NHP中显示出可变的有效性,有些,如eculizumab,是无效的.
- 针对B细胞的疗法和抗炎药物正在研究中,但缺乏在异种移植中对AMR的明确逆转证据.
结论:
- 组合疗法,特别是全身补充抑制,可能包括抗炎药物,可能是逆转AMR所必需的.
- 对新型治疗组合的进一步研究至关重要.
- 捐赠猪的基因工程 (例如,SLA淘汰,PD-L1表达) 可能对长期异种移植的生存至关重要.
相关概念视频
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
68.9K
Overview
68.9K
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
36
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
36
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction
29
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
29
Tissue Transplantation
396
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
396
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management
39
Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
39


