零食的频率,大小和能量密度与美国青少年的饮食质量有关
Gina L Tripicchio1, Regan L Bailey2, Adam Davey3
1Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Public health nutrition
|August 7, 2023
概括
频繁,更小,更少的能量密度的零食改善了青少年的饮食质量. 相反,饮料作为零食的消费与消费过多的营养素的摄入量增加有关,这会对整体营养产生负面影响.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
- 饮食习惯 饮食习惯
背景情况:
- 青少年的饮食模式显著影响长期健康结果.
- 了解零食行为对饮食质量的影响对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国青少年的零食模式和饮食质量之间的联系.
- 为了区分仅含食物和仅含饮料的零食对营养摄入量的影响.
主要方法:
- 2007-2018年国家健康和营养检查调查数据的横截面分析.
- 检查了零食频率,大小和能量密度作为饮食质量的预测指标,使用两个24小时的饮食回忆.
- 通过健康饮食指数 (HEI-2015),平均充足率 (MAR) 和过度摄入营养素的摄入来评估饮食质量.
主要成果:
- 更高的零食频率与更好的HEI-2015分数相关,但也增加了过度消耗营养素的摄入量.
- 更大的零食尺寸和更高的能量密度与较低的HEI-2015和MAR分数有关.
- 只有食物的零食:频率与HEI-2015积极相关;大小和能量密度负面相关.
- 只有饮料的零食:频率和大小与过度摄入的营养素的摄入量较高有关.
结论:
- 优先考虑更小,更频繁,更低能量密度的零食可以提高青少年饮食质量.
- 青少年饮料作为零食消费的饮料往往有较高的营养素摄入量超过建议的限制.
- 对于青少年的饮食建议应该考虑所消耗的零食的类型,频率和大小.
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