大型动物的灭绝,而不是气候变化,可能解释了鸟 (Numenius) 沿海鸟类的全新纪遗传多样性下降
Hui Zhen Tan1, Justin J F J Jansen2, Gary A Allport3
1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
eLife
|August 7, 2023
概括
历史上的大型动物灭绝,而不是最近的人类活动,显著影响了海岸鸟的遗传多样性. 这项研究揭示了影响现代鸟类种群和保护需求的古老生态破坏.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 保护遗传学 保护遗传学
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 遗传多样性对于物种的生存和保护工作至关重要.
- 了解历史与人类对遗传多样性的影响对于有效的保护策略至关重要.
- 沿海鸟类属Numenius (和) 面临着重要的保护挑战.
研究的目的:
- 研究Numenius*属内遗传多样性的波动.
- 为所有九种*Numenius*物种构建第一个完整的族谱树.
- 区分遗传多样性下降的历史和人为驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 从包括灭绝物种在内的新鲜和历史标本中对全基因组DNA的分析.
- 遗传学分析,以建立在*Numenius*属内的进化关系.
- 环境利基模型,以评估繁殖区的变化.
主要成果:
- 大多数*Numenius*物种在最后一个冰川最大期之后,实际种群规模 (遗传多样性的代理) 大幅下降.
- 这些下降发生在人类世之前,尽管预计繁殖区的增加.
- 遗传多样性的丧失与北半球哺乳动物巨型动物的灭绝相吻合.
结论:
- 历史因素,特别是生态系统工程巨型动物的灭绝,通过改变开放息地,对Numenius海鸟产生了重大影响.
- 过去的大动物灭绝可能对开放息地的物种产生了比以前理解的更深刻和更持久的影响.
- 对Numenius和类似的开放息地物种的保护策略应该考虑历史环境变化的长期生态后果.
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