来自马里亚纳海沟的深海Bacteroidetes专注于通常与陆地系统相关的半纤维素和乳素降解
Xiao-Yu Zhu1,2,3,4, Yang Li1,2,3, Chun-Xu Xue1,2,3
1Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
Microbiome
|August 7, 2023
概括
深海的微生物称为Bacteroidetes在 hadal沟中利用复杂的植物和藻类多糖. 这表明沉没的有机物质为这些独特的深海生态系统提供燃料.
科学领域:
- 海洋微生物学 海洋微生物学
- 深海生态 深海生态
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
背景情况:
- 哈达尔海沟 (>6000米) 是地球上最深的海洋区域,也是有机物质的重要沉没点.
- 人们对哈达尔区内的微生物生态系统知之甚少,特别是它们对来自地表水的复杂多糖的依赖.
- 细菌体对地表水中的多糖循环至关重要,但它们在 hadal微生物循环中的作用仍然基本不明.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究马里亚纳海峡水域中 Bacteroidetes 的多糖类催化潜力.
- 为了比较 Bacteroidetes 在表面,水上海和海区域的遗传构成和生态作用.
- 为了确定哈达尔区的 Bacteroidetes 是否使用不同于表面水中的多糖类.
主要方法:
- 使用了文化依赖和文化独立的方法.
- 在不同的海洋深度分析了Bacteroidetes群落及其碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZyme) 基因池.
- 一种Hadal Mesoflavibacter分离物 (MTRN7) 用于对多糖利用的功能验证.
主要成果:
- 与地表水相比,在海水和海水中观察到不同的 Bacteroidetes 社区和 CAZyme 基因池.
- 深海细菌体显示了CAZyme基因的丰富,这些基因针对藻类/植物细胞壁的多糖体 (甲基纤维素,pectin),此前与陆地细菌体有关.
- 一种Hadal Mesoflavibacter分离物 (MTRN7) 采用了乳腺阿拉伯人,并激活了水平获得的多糖化物利用位点 (PUL) 进行阿拉伯人水解.
结论:
- 哈达尔细菌群拥有扩大的CAZyme基因库,使其能够利用表面种群较少使用的多糖体.
- 来自光子区的沉没细胞壁碎片可能是哈达尔异质动物的重要碳来源.
- 这个过程在塑造哈达尔微生物社区结构和新陈代谢方面发挥着作用.
相关概念视频
01:26Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota
44
The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
44
01:28Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria
53
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
53
01:21Hyperthermophilic Bacteria
36
Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
36
01:28Microbial Nutrition
71
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
71
01:27Diversity of Archaea III
32
Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
32
01:26Bacterial Phylum Planctomycetes
34
Planctomycetes are a group of morphologically distinct bacteria predominantly classified into two orders: Planctomycetales and Brocadiales. These gram-negative bacteria exhibit unique features, including division by budding and the presence of stalks or appendages. Their cells are often found in rosette arrangements, and they are notable for possessing an S-layer in their cell envelope, which is relatively uncommon among bacteria. Additionally, Planctomycetes frequently exhibit intracellular...
34