基于生活方式的干预对绝对心血管疾病风险的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Jacob K Kariuki1, Christopher C Imes2, Sandra J Engberg2
1Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
JBI evidence synthesis
|August 8, 2023
概括
生活方式干预显著降低了以前没有心血管疾病的成年人心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险. 饮食和体育活动干预措施显示了最大的影响,经过验证的工具有效跟踪风险得分变化.
科学领域:
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 预防医学 预防医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 临床指南建议使用绝对心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险评分来指导预防性干预.
- 之前使用这种策略的研究已经产生了不一致的结果,需要进行系统审查.
研究的目的:
- 对基于生活方式的干预措施在降低绝对心脏病风险方面的有效性进行综合证据.
- 评估各种生活方式改变对心血管疾病风险评分的影响.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 和准实验研究的系统审查和元分析.
- 在PubMed,Embase,CINAHL和试验注册表中进行的搜索;灰色文献也包括在内.
- 主要结果:绝对心血管疾病风险得分的变化. 使用JBI工具评估的方法质量.
主要成果:
- 包括29项研究 (5490名成年人);15项RCT和14项准实验性研究.
- 生活方式干预显著降低了RCT (科恩d = -0.39,P=0.032) 和准实验研究 (科恩d = -0.39,P<0.001) 的绝对心血管疾病风险得分.
- 独立的饮食或体力活动干预措施显示显著降低风险,与联合干预措施不同.
结论:
- 生活方式的改变对没有心血管疾病的成年人绝对心血管疾病风险得分产生积极影响.
- 饮食和体育活动是有效降低心血管疾病风险的关键组成部分.
- 经过验证的风险评估工具对于监测和传达风险变化有价值.
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