大麻使用可能会减轻由甲基胺使用障碍引起的神经认知性能缺陷
Jeffrey M Rogers1, Igor Grant2, Maria Cecilia G Marcondes3
1San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
概括
甲基胺使用与神经认知缺陷有关,但与大麻的共同使用可能不会使结果恶化,甚至可能改善结果. 与非使用者相比,单独使用大麻障碍并没有损害认知能力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
背景情况:
- 甲基胺和大麻是经常共同使用的物质,具有对立的中枢神经系统效应.
- 神经认知缺陷对于甲基胺来说是有充分证据的,但对于大麻来说是混合的.
- 结合使用甲基胺和大麻对认知的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较患有大麻使用障碍,甲基胺使用障碍或两者的终身诊断的个人的神经认知表现,与没有物质使用障碍的对照组进行比较.
- 调查个人和联合物质使用障碍对认知功能的差异影响.
主要方法:
- 一组423名参与者根据终身甲基胺 (M-/M+) 和大麻 (C-/C+) 使用障碍的诊断进行了分层.
- 参与者接受了全面的神经心理学,物质使用和精神病学评估.
- 通过回归分析分析神经认知领域T分数和损伤率,控制共变量.
主要成果:
- 患有甲基胺和大麻使用障碍的个体 (M+C+) 的表现比对照组 (M-C-) 差,但比仅患有甲基胺使用障碍 (M+C-) 的人更好.
- 在语言流,处理速度,学习,记忆和工作记忆方面,M+C+组表现比M+C-组更好.
- 只有大麻使用障碍 (M-C+) 的个体在几个认知领域的表现与对照组 (M-C-) 相似或更好.
结论:
- 甲基胺使用与神经认知风险有关,而大麻使用可能不会加剧这些缺陷,可能会减轻这些缺陷.
- 具有大麻使用障碍史的个人表现出与非物质使用者的认知表现相似或超过的认知表现.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索大麻对甲基胺诱导的神经毒性的潜在神经保护或改善作用.
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