营养和宿主环境决定了社区生态和关键物种在合成肠道细菌社区
Anna S Weiss1, Lisa S Niedermeier1, Alexandra von Strempel1
1Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Nature communications
|August 8, 2023
概括
微生物组的相互作用和关键物种的作用取决于环境. 细菌菌株的关系因肠道区域和培养基而异,影响社区聚集和宿主反应.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 肠道微生物生态学
- 细菌社区动态 细菌社区动态
背景情况:
- 了解与健康和疾病相关的微生物群签名需要超越描述性分析,解开微生物相互作用网络.
- 识别关键物种及其功能对于理解社区聚集和稳定至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查个体细菌成员在社区集会中的作用.
- 识别假定的基石物种并测试它们在不同环境中的影响.
- 探索微生物相互作用和基石功能的上下文依赖性.
主要方法:
- 利用合成肠道细菌社区进行受控实验.
- 在试验室和 gnotobiotic 小鼠中进行了单个物种的脱落实验.
- 分析了不同小鼠肠道区域和培养介质的细菌菌株关系.
- 研究了环境依赖的基石功能的机制,包括营养素的获取和细菌素的产生.
主要成果:
- 细菌菌株关系在不同的小鼠肠道区域和培养媒介之间有显著的变化.
- 对多糖和细菌素生产的独家访问被确定为环境依赖的基石功能的机制.
- 细菌虫 (Bacteroides caecimuris) 和蓝虫 (Blautia coccoides) 在 gnotobiotic 小鼠中表现出关键的关键作用,影响社区组成,代谢格局和炎症反应.
结论:
- 微生物社区生态与生物和非生物环境强烈相互依赖.
- 在胃肠道生态系统中普遍有效的基石物种的概念受到质疑.
- 基石功能和细菌相互作用网络是取决于上下文的,突出了对环境特定分析的需要.
更多相关视频
06:56Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle
Published on: October 8, 2021
2.5K
00:06Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
Published on: August 23, 2019
7.1K
相关概念视频
Anatomy of the Intestines
72.4K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
72.4K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
516
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
516
Keystone Species
21.7K
Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
21.7K
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
36.1K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
36.1K
Microbial Nutrition
71
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
71
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH
91
Microorganisms are classified as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their pH growth preferences, reflecting their adaptations to specific environments. Maintaining a stable intracellular pH is critical for macromolecular stability and enzymatic activity, which can be challenged by external pH variations.Neutrophiles, such as Escherichia coli, grow optimally between pH 5.5 and 8.0. These microorganisms inhabit neutral or slightly acidic environments and employ mechanisms like...
91
