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通过捕食者家庭范围大小的变化,捕食者介导的相互作用可能导致当地猎物排除

Andréanne Beardsell¹, Dominique Berteaux¹, Frédéric Dulude-De Broin²

¹Chaire de recherche du Canada en biodiversité nordique, Centre d'études nordiques et Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1.

Proceedings. Biological sciences

|August 9, 2023

概括

物种之间的间接相互作用是复杂的. 在这项研究中,通过增加北极狐种群来间接损害沙,这表明对沙的生存有负面的净影响.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
社区生态学社区生态学
行为生态学行为生态学

背景情况:

间接的生物相互作用可以显著影响社区组成,但在自然环境中难以量化.
了解捕食者介导的相互作用对于预测物种动态和社区结构至关重要.
捕食者的数值反应受到猎物的可用性和行为的影响,在间接影响中起着关键作用.

研究的目的:

量化自然脊椎动物群体中间接生物相互作用的强度.
研究一种猎物物种 () 的存在如何通过共同的捕食者 (北极狐) 影响另一种猎物物种 (沙) 的种群增长率.
开发和参数化一个基于经验的模型,整合机械掠夺和行为过程.

主要方法:

使用了捕食的多猎物机械模型和人口矩阵模型.
参数化模型使用来自一个社区的行为,人口和实验数据,包括北极狐, lemmings,砂和.
量化掠食者介导的相互作用强度,通过分析存在对砂鸟巢成功和狐密度的影响.

主要成果:

殖民地对砂鸟巢成功的积极影响 (减少搜索时间) 被北极狐密度增加所抵消.
北极狐的数量反应是由它们的家园范围大小的变化所驱动的,受猎物可用性的影响.
对砂的净间接相互作用是负的,可能导致沙局部排斥.

结论:

被捕食者介导的间接相互作用对猎物种群可能产生重大负面影响,即使存在直接利益.
基于经验的模型整合了机械功能反应和行为过程,对于准确评估掠食对社区动态的影响至关重要.
这项研究为量化间接影响及其在塑造生态社区中的作用提供了一个强大的框架.

关键词:

北极的原,北极的原.功能反应的功能反应.间接影响的间接影响.数字响应的数字响应.捕食掠食掠食掠食

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相关概念视频

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.

Competition

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.

What are Populations and Communities?

What are Populations and Communities?

Ecological Niches

Ecological Niches

All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.