患者低血的发病率趋势和危险因素:一项大规模的真实世界数据研究
Yoshiaki Yamamoto1,2, Akiko Ohta1, Naotaka Usui1
1Department of Clinical Research, NHO, National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan.
Heliyon
|August 9, 2023
概括
低血症是患者,特别是老年人的重大风险,某些药物增加了它的发病率. 当使用特定的抗发作和抗精神病药物时,建议仔细监测血清度.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 临床药理学 临床药理学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 会影响到不同年龄段的人群,老年人群越来越多.
- 低血清的状况 - - 低血清 - - 是一些患者群体中已知的并发症.
- 了解中低血的发病率和危险因素对于患者的安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定儿童,成人和老年患者队伍中每年发生的低血症.
- 确定与这些患者群体中低血症发展相关的关键风险因素.
- 分析不同年龄人口群体中随着时间的推移低血症发病率的趋势.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性队列研究,涉及26,179名患者 (儿科,成人,老年人).
- 从2006年1月到2020年12月,分析了血清水平.
- 中度至重度的低血症被定义为血清<130mEq/L.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,2.6%的患者患有中度至重度的低血症.
- 每1000人年发生率为3.1 (儿科),19.8 (成人) 和50.4 (老年人).
- 显著的危险因素包括卡巴马西平,氨酸,芬伊托因,芬诺巴尔比他尔,二胺和抗精神病药物;尼萨米德显示有保护作用.
结论:
- 低血症的发病率在老年成人患者中最高,并且正在增加.
- 某些抗发作药物和抗精神病药物是显著的风险因素,其中一些显示剂量依赖的效果.
- 建议对血清水平进行密切监测,特别是在患者使用第一代抗发作药物或抗精神病药时.
相关概念视频
01:24Arteries of the Lower Limbs
214
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
214
01:08Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers
667
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
667
01:13Seizures: Classification
413
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
413
01:20Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
212
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
212
01:20Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
346
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
346
01:17Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers
457
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
457