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在世界一流的田径运动中,相对年龄效应对初级到高级过渡的逆转
Paolo Riccardo Brustio1,2, Mattia Stival3, Gennaro Boccia1,2
1Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Journal of sports sciences
|August 9, 2023
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 在初级田径比赛中不利于年轻运动员,但在过渡到高级比赛时为他们提供了优势. 这种出生日期偏差影响了精英运动员的发展和成功率.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 是体育运动中已知的选择偏差,但它对田径中初级到高级过渡的具体影响仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解出生日期如何影响运动员的进步对于人才发展和精英体育的公平竞争至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化国际田径运动员RAE的大小.
- 为了确定运动员的出生日期是否会显著影响他们从初级到高级类别的过渡率.
- 分析RAE如何根据绩效水平,性别,学科和历史时期而变化.
主要方法:
- 收集了5,766名短跑运动员和5,863名跳跃运动员的出生日期和性能数据.
- 识别了18岁以下和高级类别的精英运动员,参考了200强,100强和50强的历史表现榜单.
- 分析了四分位数分布,并计算了几率比率 (OR),以评估过渡率和成功概率.
主要成果:
- 在18岁以下的类别中,偏的出生日期分布 (RAE) 很明显,但在高级类别中却没有.
- 随着表现水平的提高,RAE的大小增加,在男性运动员中更为明显.
- 相对较年轻的运动员表现出明显更高的过渡率到高级水平 (OR ≈ 1.64) 和保持精英地位的更大机会.
结论:
- 由于RAE,年轻的运动员在初级类别处于劣势,但在过渡到高级等级时获得优势.
- 保持成功的概率在短跑者和跳跃者之间有所不同,受出生十年和地区的影响.
- 这些发现突出了出生日期,表现水平和纪律在精英田径运动员发展中的复杂相互作用.
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