认知负载和工作记忆能力对发现更好的替代品的效率的影响:生存分析
Yuki Ninomiya1, Tomoyuki Iwata2, Hitoshi Terai3
1Global Research Institute for Mobility in Society Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagiya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. ninomiya.yuki.t1@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
Memory & cognition
|August 9, 2023
概括
训练有素程序的高认知负载可以促进发现新解决方案,特别是对于那些具有强大的工作记忆的人来说. 这提高了认知灵活性和解决问题的效率.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 解决问题的方法 解决问题
- 人类行为人类行为.
背景情况:
- 设置效应描述了人类倾向于坚持熟悉的解决方案,阻碍发现新的替代方案.
- 关于认知负载对创造性解决问题的影响的现有研究在 Einstellung 情况下产生了不一致的结果.
- 以前的研究经常使用双重任务操纵,对训练有素和替代程序产生混影响,并忽略了效率指标.
研究的目的:
- 调查认知负载,特别是训练过程中的认知负载如何影响解决问题的替代方案的发现.
- 澄清在 Einstellung 场景中关于认知负载和替代策略发现的不一致发现.
- 检查工作记忆能力在调解认知负载和高效问题解决之间的关系中的作用.
主要方法:
- 通过改变熟悉的训练程序的复杂性来操纵认知负载.
- 通过记录发现替代品所需的试验数量来衡量基于时间的性能.
- 评估参与者的工作记忆能力,以分析个人差异.
主要成果:
- 训练过程的认知负载增加显著提高了发现替代品的效率.
- 认知负载的这种促进作用在具有高工作记忆能力的参与者中尤为明显.
- 较高的认知负载导致更快地识别出新的解决方案,克服了 Einstellung 效应.
结论:
- 经验证据支持,在训练有素的程序上,较高的认知负载有助于发现替代方案.
- 工作记忆能力在认知负载如何影响认知灵活性和解决问题的效率方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 未来的研究应该在研究工作记忆对灵活解决问题的影响时,纳入时间性指标,例如效率.
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