空气污染和COVID-19患者的后果:一个多状态分析
Michael Jerrett1, Claudia L Nau2, Deborah R Young2
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 650 Charles Young Dr. S, 56-070 CHS Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Environmental research
|August 9, 2023
概括
空气污染,特别是细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和臭氧,增加了COVID-19严重结果和死亡的风险. 减少空气污染可能会改善COVID-19患者的预后,并减少冠状病毒对健康的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的证据将空气污染与COVID-19的严重程度和死亡率联系在一起.
- 有限的研究已经通过个人患者数据探索了空气污染对COVID-19后果和恢复的影响.
- 了解这些关联对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查空气污染暴露与进展到严重的COVID-19状态或恢复之间的联系.
- 基于空气质量数据,分析患者状态的转变 (例如,重症监护,死亡,康复).
- 利用一个大型的医疗保健系统队列,提供详细的患者信息.
主要方法:
- 采用了一个队列研究设计,追踪从2020年6月至2021年1月在凯泽永久南加州 (KPSC) 住院的COVID-19患者.
- 多州模型估计了各种疾病状态 (重症监护,死亡,康复) 之间的过渡风险.
- 环境中二氧化 (NO2),臭氧和细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 的度使用1公里尺度的化学运输模型进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 增加的PM2.5度与更高的重症监护 (HR 1.16) 和死亡 (HR 1.11) 恶化的风险显著相关.
- 臭氧暴露显示出与PM2.5类似的效应,并且也与康复后死亡风险增加有关 (HR 1.24).
- 二氧化 (NO2) 呈现出较弱,但仍然较高的严重结果风险.
结论:
- 细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和臭氧与不良的COVID-19转变有显著的关联,包括在医院的恶化和出院后的死亡率.
- 这些发现强调了空气质量在COVID-19患者结果中的关键作用.
- 降低空气污染水平是一个可行的策略,可以改善COVID-19患者的预后,并减轻未来与冠状病毒有关的健康负担.
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