使用癌症基因组分析改善患者护理:SCRUM-/CIRCULATE-日本的经验
Atsushi Ohtsu1, Koichi Goto1, Takayuki Yoshino1
1National Cancer Center Hospital East.
概括
在日本,癌症基因组分析 (CGP) 已经推进了向治疗,导致了新的药物批准和发现. 液体活检显示早期癌症检测和复发预测的前景,改善了患者的治疗结果.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 成立于2015年的SCRUM-Japan平台促进了癌症基因组分析 (CGP),使患者与基因组指导的临床试验相匹配.
- 已经进行了超过30,000个基于组织和10,000个基于液体的CGP测试,为日本的127个试验和12个新药批准做出了贡献.
研究的目的:
- 评估CGP和液体活检在推进癌症治疗和检测中的实用性.
- 探索发现新的癌症驱动基因和液体活检在特定癌症类型中的有效性.
- 评估液体活检在手术后监测最小/分子残留疾病 (MRD) 中的作用.
主要方法:
- 实施SCRUM-日本平台进行CGP测试和临床试验招生.
- 对基于组织的与基于液体的CGP进行比较分析,特别是在胃肠道癌症中.
- 启动了CIRCULATE-日本研究,用于使用瘤知情液体活检进行手术后MRD监测.
主要成果:
- 在日本批准了12种新的抗癌药物和14种适应症,这是由CGP匹配的试验推动的.
- 通过临床基因组数据库确定了一种新的癌症驱动基因,证明了显著的治疗反应.
- 液体活检在胃肠道癌症中比基于组织的CGP具有优势,包括侵入性更小,周转时间更短.
- CIRCULATE-日本研究表明MRD监测在预测复发方面的有效性,可能指导辅助治疗决策.
结论:
- 癌症基因组分析和向疗法对日本的癌症治疗和药物开发产生了重大影响.
- 液体活检为CGP提供了一种不那么侵入性和更有效的方法,并对早期复发检测和指导辅助治疗决策充满希望.
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