欧洲人对不同背景的难民的支持随着时间的推移而保持稳定
Kirk Bansak1,2,3, Jens Hainmueller2,3,4, Dominik Hangartner5,6,7
1Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|August 9, 2023
概括
尽管发生了多次危机,但欧洲对难民的团结依然强烈. 公众对包括乌克兰人在内的寻求庇护者的支持并没有减少,更多的是受到个人特征的影响,而不是国籍.
科学领域:
- 社会科学
- 政治科学
- 社会学
背景情况:
- 欧洲面临着严重的难民危机,尤其是叙利亚危机 (2015) 和乌克兰持续的战争.
- 超过800万乌克兰人已在欧洲寻求庇护,
- 人们担心潜在的"团结疲劳"和不同寻求庇护者的不同待遇.
研究的目的:
- 调查反复发生的人道主义危机是否影响欧洲公众对寻求庇护者的团结.
- 确定乌克兰寻求庇护者是否比其他难民群体享有优惠待遇.
- 分析公众对难民态度的稳定性和驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 在15个国家的33,000名欧洲公民中进行了重复的联合实验.
- 在2015-2016年 (叙利亚危机) 和2022年 (乌克兰危机) 两次重大难民危机期间收集的数据.
- 通过介绍不同寻求庇护者的参与者来评估公众的偏好.
主要成果:
- 在两次危机期间,基于特定属性的公众对寻求庇护者的偏好保持稳定.
- 随着时间的推移,公众对寻求庇护者的支持略有增加.
- 乌克兰寻求庇护者受到欢迎, 人口,宗教和流离失所情况是关键因素, 不仅仅是国籍.
- 支持乌克兰难民并没有减少对穆斯林难民等其他群体的支持.
结论:
- 反复出现的人道主义危机并没有削弱欧洲对寻求庇护者的团结.
- 公众对难民的态度是有弹性的,受个人特征的影响,而不仅仅是国籍.
- 这些发现有助于对公众论和政策应对难民危机的理论理解.
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