主体适应驱动载体传播疾病系统中的遗传多样性
Matthew A Combs1,2,3, Danielle M Tufts1,4, Ben Adams5
1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
PNAS nexus
|August 10, 2023
概括
伯格多弗雷菌株 (Bb) 呈现出多样化的宿主范围,一些基因型适应于特定的宿主,如小鼠或鸟类. 这种多样性影响莱姆病的风险和病原体的存活率.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bb) 引起莱姆病,被认为是感染哺乳动物和鸟类的通用病原体.
- 了解Bb的宿主范围的变化对于评估人类疾病风险和病原体传播动态至关重要.
- 对于Bb宿主宽度的内部特异变化及其对宿主能力的影响仍然不太了解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究Bb宿主宽度的物种内变化的程度.
- 确定Bb基因型多样性在宿主能力和适应性中的作用.
- 探索Bb宿主适应对人类莱姆病风险的影响.
主要方法:
- 长期研究Bb多样性使用多态 ospC locus.
- 从白足小鼠,鸟和载体中对Bb进行长时间的amplicon测序.
- 对基因型特异性宿主适应性和持久性的分析.
主要成果:
- 在不同的Bb基因型中观察到宿主宽度的显著变化,揭示了基因型特定的宿主适应的表型.
- 穿越鸟类支持人类侵入性菌株 (HIS) 的循环,并且比小鼠拥有更大的Bb基因型多样性.
- 适应于小鼠的Bb基因型在小鼠中表现出更长的持久性,随着时间的推移,感染社区逐渐由这些适应的基因型主导.
结论:
- 在Bb宿主宽度和适应性中的特定变异是维持病原体多样性和适应性的关键因素.
- 多个利基聚态有助于Bb多样性,只有有限的证据表明强烈的频率依赖选择.
- 了解基因型特异性宿主适应是预测莱姆病风险和管理病原体库的关键.
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