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在现实世界的人类视野中,抑制控制激励突出
Clayton Hickey1, David Acunzo2, Jaclyn Dell2
1Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom c.m.hickey@bham.ac.uk.
概括
人类可以战略性地抑制对奖励相关的现实世界对象的注意,即使这些对象会分散注意力. 这一发现,使用脑电图 (EEG) 机器学习,表明我们可以控制注意力不相关的刺激.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 与奖励相关的大脑活动会影响人们对与奖励相关的刺激的注意.
- 以前的研究表明,当与奖励相关联时,简单的视觉线索会引起注意.
- 现实世界中的搜索通常涉及复杂,异质的对象类别,与简单的刺激不同.
研究的目的:
- 调查注意力是否被现实世界奖励相关的对象类别所吸引.
- 探索人类控制注意力对任务无关,突出的对象的能力.
- 了解注意力控制奖励相关刺激的神经机制.
主要方法:
- 人类参与者在包含与任务无关的奖励相关的对象的照片中搜索目标.
- 使用脑电图 (EEG) 和机器学习,以高时间精度分析大脑活动.
- 与事件相关的潜能 (ERP) 被用来评估神经对刺激的反应.
主要成果:
- 与奖励相关的分心因素获得了激励突出性,并吸引了注意力,但没有捕捉到它.
- 观察到快速,刺激触发的注意力抑制的证据,降低了这些对象的神经编码.
- 人类展示了战略控制,抑制了已知的无关的奖励相关对象的突出性.
结论:
- 人类可以战略性地控制对现实世界奖励相关对象的注意力,防止注意力被捕捉.
- 注意抑制机制在管理从突出的,但无关紧要的刺激中分心方面发挥着作用.
- 这种控制对于理解饮食障碍和成等疾病中的注意偏差至关重要.
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