寿命的时间影响大脑和认知能力
Kristine B Walhovd1, Martin Lövden2, Anders M Fjell1
1Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Trends in cognitive sciences
|August 10, 2023
概括
早期生活因素,包括遗传学,在整个生命中显著塑造大脑发育和认知功能. 了解这些稳定的个体差异对于准确解释神经成像研究和有效的预防策略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 神经成像研究往往侧重于影响大脑发育和认知衰退的可改变因素.
- 需要对这些因素的时间和影响进行批判性评估.
研究的目的:
- 强调早期对大脑和认知发育的影响的重要性.
- 倡导平衡地考虑稳定的个人差异和生命周期上的变化.
主要方法:
- 对神经成像学文献的综述.
- 在认知和大脑结构的发展轨迹的概念分析.
- 遗传和早期生活环境因素的整合.
主要成果:
- 大脑和认知水平的个体差异在很大程度上建立在生命早期,并保持稳定.
- 这些早期的差异比以后生活中观察到的变化更实质和普遍.
- 成年后的近距离因素在它们的因果作用中可能被过度强调.
结论:
- 纳入包括遗传学在内的早期生活因素对于全面了解大脑和认知发育至关重要.
- 调查整个生命周期的认知水平和变化是至关重要的.
- 这种方法减少了错误地将因果关系归因于成人发病因素的风险,并改善了机制理解和预防策略.
更多相关视频
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.2K
06:34Author Spotlight: A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice
Published on: June 2, 2023
2.8K
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
157
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
157
01:27Language and Cognition
375
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
375
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
145
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
145
01:30Information Processing Approach
77
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
77
01:26Aging
86
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
86
02:20Longitudinal Research
12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K