在冈比亚绘制例行儿童疫苗接种的时间表:一个空间建模研究
Oghenebrume Wariri1, Chigozie Edson Utazi2, Uduak Okomo3
1Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia a London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Vaccine
|August 10, 2023
概括
地理空间建模揭示了整个冈比亚儿童疫苗接种延迟的显著局部差异. 这种地图有助于识别需要有针对性的干预措施的脆弱地区,以改善疫苗接种和减少感染风险.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 地理空间分析是什么
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 儿童常规疫苗接种的及时性对于预防感染至关重要,也是公共卫生的一个关键指标.
- 国家和地区的疫苗接种估计可以掩盖局部差异,阻碍有针对性的干预.
- 确定疫苗接种延迟较高的地区对于有效的公共卫生政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了证明地理空间建模的实用性,以高分辨率绘制儿童疫苗接种时间的地图.
- 为了确定冈比亚的特定地区,延迟接种疫苗的流行率很高.
- 引导当地免疫政策,并优先考虑对弱势群体的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自冈比亚2019-20年人口和健康调查的集群级疫苗接种数据.
- 采用完全贝叶斯地缘统计模型与地理空间共变量进行预测准确性.
- 应用了集成的嵌套拉普拉斯近似-随机局部微分方程 (INLA-SPDE) 方法,以1x1平方公里的分辨率绘制延迟的B型肝炎 (HepB0),五价 (PENTA3) 和麻疹 (MCV1) 疫苗的地图.
主要成果:
- 在延迟的HepB0,PENTA3和MCV1疫苗接种中观察到显著的次国家异质性.
- 冈比亚中部和东部地区的延迟接种疫苗的流行率最高,与沿海地区的较低流行率形成鲜明对比.
- 东部,中部和沿海地区的地区表现出延迟接种疫苗的高流行率和大量受影响婴儿的人口.
结论:
- 地理空间建模为了解当地疫苗接种时间模式提供了有价值的工具.
- 该方法使决策者能够精确确定需要加强疫苗输送系统的地区.
- 这种数据驱动的战略可以最大限度地提高儿童疫苗接种覆盖率的干预措施的影响.
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