通过全球各地的来源将宏观和微型塑料河流出口到海洋
Maryna Strokal1, Paul Vriend2, Mirjam P Bak3
1Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. maryna.strokal@wur.nl.
Nature communications
|August 10, 2023
概括
河流每年出口50万塑料. 巨型塑料在废物管理不善的盆地占主导地位,而微型塑料在污水高的地方普遍存在,影响全球海洋.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 水的质量 水的质量
背景情况:
- 海洋面临着巨型塑料 (>5mm) 和微型塑料 (<5mm) 的污染.
- 有限的研究模型同时研究两种塑料类型,阻碍了对塑料起源和来源的理解.
- 河流塑料出口是进入海洋环境的重要途径.
研究的目的:
- 在全球范围内模拟河流对海洋的宏观和微型塑料出口.
- 确定塑料污染的主要来源和贡献盆地.
- 为制定有针对性的塑料减少政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用建模方法估计全球超过一万个河流流域的塑料出口量.
- 根据盆地特征区分巨型塑料和微型塑料的贡献.
- 分析了污水排放和固体废物管理不善等因素的影响.
主要成果:
- 估计全球河流塑料出口每年约为50万.
- 微塑料占据了40%的盆地 (欧洲,北美,大洋洲) 的出口主导地位.
- 巨型塑料在盆地占主导地位,占全球人口的80%,原因是垃圾管理不善 (非洲,亚洲).
结论:
- 宏观和微型塑料污染具有不同的主要来源和地理分布.
- 管理不善的固体废物是大多数人口的巨型塑料出口的主要驱动因素.
- 污水排放有助于发达地区的微塑料出口,突出了需要多种减少战略的需要.
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